What is the business cycle and how does it work? The business cycle refers to the natural fluctuation of economic activity in an economy over time. It is characterized by periods of expansion, contraction, and recession. The business cycle is influenced by a variety of factors, including government policy, technological advancements, consumer behavior, and global economic conditions. The four stages of the business cycle are: Expansion: This is the period of economic growth, characterized by rising employment rates, increasing consumer spending, and increasing business profits. Peak: This is the period of the highest level of economic growth, when the economy reaches its maximum level of output and employment. Contraction: This is the period of economic slowdown, characterized by decreasing employment rates, decreasing consumer spending, and decreasing business profits. Trough: This is the period of the lowest level of economic growth, when the economy reaches its minimum level of output and employment. The business cycle is a self-correcting process, as the forces of supply and demand work to bring the economy back to equilibrium. For example, during a recession, businesses may cut back on production and lay off workers, which reduces supply and increases unemployment. However, this reduction in supply can also lead to lower prices, which can increase demand and eventually stimulate economic growth again. Similarly, during an expansion, businesses may increase production and hire more workers, which increases supply and reduces unemployment. However, this increase in supply can also lead to higher prices, which can eventually lead to a contraction and a return to the trough phase.